The Number and the Name —
Vicarius Filii Dei and the
AN UNUSUAL
STATEMENT—On pp. 85-86
of the June 2002 Senior Sabbath School Lesson Quarterly (reprinted
below), several remarkable claims are made:
(1) The number
666, in Revelation 13:17-18, could apply to the names of lots of people.
That is not true. The number can only be applied to a relatively few
individuals. Select 100 names and see how many fit 666; probably only one
or two.
(2) The number
probably only refers to "humanity"; that is, all human beings.
We will let the official English Bible of the Roman Catholic Church refute
that claim:
"Six
hundred sixty-six. The numeral letters of his name shall make up this
number."—Revelation
13:18 in the Rheims-Douay (Rheims-Douai) Bible.
THE NUMBER OF A
MAN—According to the
Bible, it is the number of a certain human being—a "man,"—not
everyone in the world! To say it is everyone makes a mockery of Revelation
13:17-18. Read it again. According to the Quarterly, everyone is
the beast power!
What
"man" would that be? By the magnitude of the description in
Daniel 7 and Revelation 12 and 13, the name would obviously apply to the
official title of a "man" who, by virtue of his office, could
continue on, century after century. That man would be identified as the
beast of Revelation 13 and its counterpart, the little horn of Daniel 7.
The Bible evidence for the identification of the last verse in Revelation
13 is conclusive.
But, since 1941,
there has, in addition to our denomination, also been another organization
which has denied that those verses do not apply to the pope.
(In all of the
quotations, italics are theirs and bold and bracketed comments are ours.)
THE
SENIOR SABBATH SCHOOL QUARTERLY FOR SECOND QUARTER, 2002
Thursday
June 6
THE
MARK AND NUMBER OF THE BEAST (Rev 13:16-18; 14:1).
What
is John's purpose in mentioning the mark and number of the
beast? Rev. 13:16-18.
Why
do we say that those who keep Sunday do not have the mark of the
beast /low? Why is it important that we make this point clear?
The
number of the beast. The mark, the name, and the number of the
beast are closely related (Rev. 13: 17). Many suggestions have been
made to explain the meaning of 666. Here we must be very careful.
The Bible does not say that the number is the added numerical value
of the letters of a name. Some see in the meaning of 666 a symbol of
humanity separated from God. Humans were created on the sixth day,
and the number can stand as a symbol for humanity without divine
rest (the seventh day). Humans have claimed ultimate independence
from God (the cause of their fall), and even now they do not want to
find rest in Christ.
Over
the years, numerous Bible students have come up with various
explanations for the 666. Some found significance in the fact that
if you added up the number of letters in the name of a former
president of the United States, Ronald Wilson Reagan, it came to
666; others saw meaning in that, years ago, all the buses in
Jerusalem had 666 on their license plates. This is futile
speculation that adds nothing toward understanding truth. The
important point is that God's Word has given us enough information
to know what the key issues are and who the players will be in the
last days, even if we do not know all the details for now, such as
the precise meaning of 666.
Friday
June 7
Please
note the following points in conclusion to this week's study:
1.
Vicarills Filii Dei (Vicar of the Son of God). Since the
Reformation, this papal title has been used to calculate the number
666. But there are several questions that should make us cautious.
First, it is not dear that this title is an official one. Second.
there is no clear indication in Revelation 13 that the number is
based on the numerical value of the letters of a name. The phrase
"it is the number of a man" (vs. 18, NIV) could be
translated "it is the number of [humanity]"; that is, of
humans separated from God. Third, those who insist in counting the
numerical value of letters confront the problem of - deciding which
language will be used. Because the text does not identify any
language, the selection of a particular one will be somewhat
arbitrary. At the present time, the symbolism of intensified
rebellion, six used three times, and total independence from God
seem to be the best option. Time will reveal the full meaning of the
symbol. |
THE 1941 DENIAL—Our
Sunday Visitor has, for over a hundred years, been the largest
Roman Catholic weekly in America. In its August 3, 1941 issue, the Visitor
declared for the first time that Vicarius Filii Dei is not on the pope’s
tiara. Here is the statement:
"A
pamphlet has come to me entitled ‘The Mark of the Beast.’ It
identifies the Pope with this ‘mark’ referred to in Revelations
XIII. 17, 18.
"It is
too bad that the Seventh Day Adventists, who are so sensitive to
criticism themselves, should circulate a pamphlet so antagonistic to the
Catholic Church.
"The
question you ask has been answered many times, although not in recent
years in this paper. If we have recourse to the best Biblical scholars
or exegetes, we find them applying the test from Revelations to Nero,
the arch-persecutor of Christianity in the first century. To give color
to their accusation, enemies of the Church publicize something that
is not at all true, namely that the Pope’s tiara is inscribed with the
words ‘VICARIUS FILII DEI,’ and that if letters in that title
were translated into Roman numerals, the sum would equal 666."
[Nero (A.D.
37-68) only ruled the Roman Empire from A.D. 53 to 68, and it was not
until 64 that he began persecuting Christians (as a pretext to cover the
rumor that he himself was responsible for the burning of Rome that
year). After a brief four years in which Christians were persecuted,
Nero committed suicide when the citizens of Rome arose in revolt.]
"As a
matter of fact, the tiara of the Pope bears no inscription whatsoever. [More
on this later.]
"Sometime
ago a clergyman by the name of Reginald Ernest Hull gave a Latin ending
to his two Christian names and then figured out what the sum total would
be if he translated the letters into Roman numerals, and 666 eventuated.
Your own name might spell that number.
"Here is
the manner in which it was done: Reginal[d]us Ernestus Hull: From his
first name four numerals were drawn I L D V; from his second name only
the letter V was extracted; from his surname the three Roman numerals,
namely V L L."
[In the above
paragraph, they made up a fictitious name, and then latinized the first
and middle names (but not the last!), by twice added "us." Then
they included the "d" which should not properly be latinized.]
"Now the
Roman numeral "D" stands for 500; the L stands for fifty and
since there are three ‘Ls’, they would effect [wrong word: should
say "result in"] 150; the three ‘Us’, which are identified
with a ‘V’ would mean 15 more, and the letter ‘I’ would signify
one—the total 666.
"The
first thirty Popes lived in the golden age of Christianity and [it is
claimed] twenty-nine of them died martyrs for Christ. [In reality, there
were no "popes" until at least 400 years after the death of
Christ, because until that time, no single bishop ruled the other
churches.] Imagine any one of them being designated the beast of the
Apocalypse [the Catholic Bible name for the book of Revelation]. Among
the 262 Popes who ruled over the Catholic Church from the time of
Christ, all but four or five, even according to the unwilling admission
of unfriendly historians, were among the holiest men of their times. [An
astounding statement for its inaccuracy. Entire books have been written
about the evil doings of the popes.] The few unworthy ones, who were
placed on the throne of Peter reached that position through the intrigue
of civil rulers. [Also untrue; they generally paid heavy bribes to get
elected, and then repaid themselves from the papal treasuries; sometimes
assassination was used.] Only five Popes have ruled over the Church
during the greater part of the last century and every person, unless he
be absolutely uninformed or ignorant, would rate them among the
saintliest people. [This article was written while Pope Pius XII was
collaborating with Bonito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler.] We say ‘unless
the person were uninformed or ignorant,’ designedly, because the lives
of these Popes have been written by Protestants as well as Catholics.
"It is
very strange that people can regard themselves as religious and still
engage in an apostolate of vituperation and slander."—Our
Sunday Visitor, August 3, 1941, p. 7.
1941 ARTICLE
CAREFULLY WORDED—According
to the above article, in 1941, the pope’s tiara does not have the words
Vicarius Filii Dei on it. The denial is carefully worded; (1) It only
speaks about the papal tiara (his jewel encrusted gold crown;
"tiara" is Latin for metallic crown), and does not mention the
pope’s mitre (his cloth cap). Both the tiara and the mitre are in the
shape of a triple crown, signifying that he is the ruler of heaven (which
is blasphemy), earth, and under the earth (where purgatory and hell are
supposed to be located). (2) The denial is also careful not to mention
what might have been written on the tiara in the past. We will learn below
that, by official Catholic statements, the name has for centuries been on
both the tiara and the mitre! We will also learn that the 1941 Visitor did
not mention what was written on the mitre—because only 26 years earlier
the Visitor said the name was on the mitre!
AN ANCIENT
DOCUMENT HAS THE NAME—The
so-called "Donation of Constantine" is one of the most famous
forgeries in the Roman Catholic history. Yet it is, nonetheless, an
important document, dating back over a thousand years. The Donation was
obviously written by the priests at the Vatican, and not by Constantine.
(In later centuries, even the papacy admitted that Constantine did not
write it.) This document states their view of the official title of the
pope, from Peter onward:
"As the
Blessed Peter is seen to have been constituted vicar of the Son of
God on the earth, so the Pontiffs who are the representatives of
that same chief of the apostles, should obtain from us and our empire
the power of a supremacy greater than the clemency of our earthly
imperial serenity as seen to have conceded it."—Donation
of Constantine, quoted in Christopher B. Coleman, The Treatise of
Lorenzo Valla on the Donation of Constantine, p. 13. Yale University
Press, New Haven, Conn., p. 12.
The above is a
translation from the Latin. Here is the original:
"Sicut B.
Petrus in terris vicarius Filii Dei esse videtur constitutus, ita
et Pontifices, qui ipsius principis apostolorum gerunt vices,
principatus potestatem amplius quam terrena imperialis nostrae
serenitatis mansuetudo habere videtur, concessam a nobis nostroque
imperio obtineant."—Ibid,
p. 13.
THE TITLE IN
1439—Here is an
official declaration of the Council of Florence, held in Florence, Italy
over 560 years ago:
"We
define that the Holy Apostolic See and the Roman Pontiff holds the
primacy over the whole world, and that the Roman Pontiff himself is the
successor of the blessed Peter, prince of the apostles, and the true
vicar of Christ; the head of the whole church, and the father and
doctor of all Christians; and that to him, in the blessed Peter, was
given, by our Lord Jesus Christ, full power to feed, rule, and govern
the universal church, as is contained also in the acts of the ecumenical
councils, and in the sacred canons."—Council
of Florence, Session XXV, July 6, 1439, Definitio, in J.D. Mansi, ed.,
Sacrorum Conciliorum [Holy Councils], Vol. 31, Col. 1031 [translated
from the Latin].
THE TITLE IN
1862—A noted Catholic
author wrote this 140 years ago:
"The
highest power in the world, the Vicar of the incarnate Son of God
. . sat in his tribunal."—Henry
Edward Manning, The Temporal Power of the Vicar of Jesus Christ, 2nd
ed., London: Burns and Lambert, 1862, p. 46.
Cardinal Manning
(1808-1892) was a prolific defender of Catholicism. Later in the same
book, he said this:
"So in
like manner they say now, See this Catholic Church, this Church of God,
feeble and weak, rejected even by the very nations called Catholic.
There is Catholic France, and Catholic Germany, and Catholic Italy,
giving up this exploded figment of the temporal power of the Vicar of
Jesus Christ. And so, because the Church seems weak, and the Vicar of
the Son of God is renewing the Passion of his Master upon earth,
therefore we are scandalised, therefore we turn our faces from
him."—Ibid, pp.
140-141.
Manning is
writing in English, but in Latin, "Vicar of the Son of God"
is Vicarius Filii Dei, just as the phrase occurs in the Donation of
Constantine, where it is applied to Peter.
THE NAME ON THE
TIARA IN 1939—The 1941
Visitor article denied that the name was on the papal tiara (gold
crown) in 1941. But, according to the following article, the
name ("Vicarius Filii Dei" ) was on the tiara only two years
earlier, in 1939,—when it was placed on the head of Eugenio Pacelli,
crowning him as Pius XII:
"What the
papacy aimed at was not simply to be a temporal power by reason of
sovereignty over a little Italian state, but to exercise a universal
sovereignty over all sovereigns by reason of the spiritual office of the
pope, who was to be the master and arbiter of all other temporal
authorities.
"The
development of that ideal, the partial achievement of it, and some of the
reactions against it are what we must now consider. Lest this should seem
to the modern reader a threshing over of old straw and a discussion of
dead issues, there should perhaps be inserted here a reminder that all
the popes of the last six centuries have worn the triple tiara. According
to present-day Roman Catholic authorities, its three crowns signify
‘universal episcopate, supremacy of jurisdiction, and universal
supremacy.’ In the coronation of all popes—including Pius XII, on
March 12, 1939—the tiara is placed on the candidate’s head with the
words [in Latin]: ‘Receive the tiara adorned with three crowns and
know that thou art Father of princes and kings, Ruler of the world, Vicar
of our Saviour Jesus Christ.’ If this phraseology had not been
sanctified by long usage, it would not have been coined in this
generation to express the relation of the pope to the political and social
order; but it would not have been created in the first place if it had not
meant then what it says—‘Ruler of the world.’ "—Paul
Hutchinson and Winfred E. Garrison, 20 Centuries of Christianity: A
Concise History, 1st ed., 1959, p. 120, Harcourt, Brace and World, New
York, p. 120.
TIARA
ESTABLISHED—Contrary
to what the 1941 Visitor claimed, we have established that the pope’s
special name is written on his golden crown. But is anything written on
his "everyday crown," the papal mitre?
THE 1914 VISITOR
STATEMENT—The answer
was written 27 years earlier in the same publication! Notice that the Visitor
does not deny, but admits that the title is in the pope’s mitre, and
that it totals 666. So the title is not only on the golden tiara (crown),
but it is also on the pope’s mitre (the cloth cap shaped like three
crowns on top of one another):
"Is it
true that the words of the Apocalypse in the 13th chapter, 18th verse
refer to the Pope?
"The
words referred to are these: ‘Here is wisdom. He that hath
understanding, let him count the number of the beast, for it is the
number of a man; and the number of him is six hundred sixty-six.’ The
title of the Pope of Rome is Vicarius Filii Dei. This is inscribed on
his mitre; and if you take the letters of his title which
represent Latin numerals (printed large) and add them together they come
to 666:
VICARIVS FILII
DEI
5 1 10 1 5 150 1
1 500 1
"Add
these together and the result will be 666 . .
Almost every
eminent man in Christendom, who has enjoyed the privilege of possessing
enemies, has had his name turned and twisted till they could get the
number 666 out of it."—Answers
to readers’ questions in Our Sunday Visitor, November 15, 1914, p. 3.
ONLY ONE
RATIONALIZATION—Notice
that the above 1914 Visitor denial was the boast that nearly
everyone’s name can, in its Latin numeral equivalents, be tallied up to
666. That is also the same argument put forth by the 1941 Visitor article
and our June 2002 Quarterly!
THE 1915 VISITOR
STATEMENT—Only five
months later, the Visitor once again admitted that Vicarius
Filii Dei is inscribed on the papal mitre;—and once again used the
very same argument in an attempt to explain away the fact:
"What are
the letters supposed to be in the Pope’s crown, and what do they
signify, if anything?
"The
letters inscribed in the Pope’s mitre are these: Vicarius Filii Dei,
which is the Latin for Vicar of the Son of God. Catholics hold that
the Church which is a visible society must have a visible head. Christ,
before His ascension into heaven, appointed St. Peter to act as His
representative. Upon the death of Peter the man who succeeded to the
office of Peter as Bishop of Rome, was recognized as the head of the
Church. Hence to the Bishop of Rome, as head of the Church, was given
the title ‘Vicar of Christ.’ "—Answers
to readers’ questions in Our Sunday Visitor, April 18, 1915, p. 3.
THEY FULLY ADMIT
IT—The question in the
1914 Visitor asked whether Revelation 13:18 refers to the pope.
Significantly, to answer the question the Visitor called attention,
not to the word, "pope," but to his official title, Vicarius
Filii Dei, as embroidered into the very fabric of his three-level cap.
The question, a
few months later, asked whether the letters in the "pope’s
crown" had any meaning. The answer revealed that the mitre is
one of his crowns, and once again talked about that title on it. The
reply also stated that every bishop of Rome, since Peter, has had that
title. It is his permanent name.
Notice that
never—never—, in any
of their statements, does Rome deny that Vicarius Filii Dei is the pope’s
official title!
How can we be
sure that Vicarius Filii Dei is the official title of the pope? We can
know it because it is the only phrase written on both of his crowns!
BASIS OF THE
POPE’S AUTHORITY—The
rest of the above 1915
statement explains why the papacy cannot abandon that title: It gives the
pope his authority to rule.
"Enemies of
the papacy denounce this title as a malicious assumption. But the Bible
informs us that Christ did not only give His Church authority to teach,
but also to rule."—Ibid.
The most
important doctrine of Romanism is the claim that the one man, the pope,
rules in the place of God. And
that is the claim by which you can identify him as the beast of Revelation
and the little horn of Daniel 7. His special qualities are fourfold: a
different kind of temporal kingdom, blasphemy against God, the changing of
God’s law, and the persecution of God’s people (Dan 7:8, 20-21, 24-25;
Rev 12:13-17; 13:5-7).
POWER IN PLACE
OF GOD—As vicegerent of the Son of God, the pope has power to change God’s
law and to decide who will go to heaven and to hell.
"The Pope
is of so great authority and power that he can modify, explain, or
interpret even divine laws . . Petrus de Ancharano [d. 1416] very clearly
asserts this in Consil.
373, no. 3 verso:
"The Pope
can modify divine law, since his power is not of man, but of God, and he
acts in the place of God upon earth, with the fullest power of binding and
loosing his [God’s] sheep."—Lucius
Ferraris, "Papa," art. 2, in his Prompta Bibliotheca [Handy
Library], Vol. 6, Venice; Gaspar Storti, 1772, p. 29 [translated from the
Latin].
"We [the
popes] hold upon this earth the place of God Almighty!"—Pope
Leo XIII, Encyclical Letter, "The Reunion of Christendom," dated
June 20, 1894, translated in The Great Encyclical Letters of Pope Leo
XIII, New York: Benziger, 1903, p. 304.
THE MEANING OF
THE CROWNS—Both his
tiara and mitre are shaped like three crowns on top of one another. It
is of highest significance that the "Vicarius" phrase is on
those crowns. The crowns symbolize the basis of his authority; the phrase,
Vicarius Filii Dei, states it.
"Hence the
Pope is crowned with a triple crown, as king of heaven and of earth and of
the lower regions [Latin: infernorum; hell]."—Op.
cit., p. 26.
Would you like
to be the king of hell? The pope says he is. Perhaps that is so; he has
sent more people there than all others in history, holding a single,
titled office.
BACKGROUND OF
THE CHANGEOVER—It is
an intriguing fact that the papacy decided in 1941 to stop bragging about
the name on the papal tiara; and, instead, they began telling people that
the number 666 could apply to most anyone’s name. It made that decision
61 years ago because of publications distributed by our own denomination.
That made our
church a target for conquest, for we were about the only major
denomination which was still denouncing the pope.
Vatican II (1962-1965) was a
major event. A number of our leaders attended and initiated friendly
contacts at Vatican headquarters. From 1965 to the present, we have sent
special representatives to World Council of Churches headquarters, in
Geneva, to meet with Protestant and Catholic leaders. Agreements have been
made. Now we no longer apply the 666 to the pope. For more on this, we
refer you to the following books of ours:
Seventh-day Adventist/Vatican
Ecumenical Involvement Book
1: History—80 pp., 1999 $6.00 + $2.50 8-1/2 x 11
Book 2: Documents—133
pp., 1999 $11.00 + $2.50 8-1/2 x 11.
MAIL
ORDERS: HARVESTIME BOOKS -
BOX 300 - ALTAMONT, TN 37301
CREDIT CARD ORDERS:
931-692-2777
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931-692-3013
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